Dr. K. Shimabukuro

Dr. K. Shimabukuro

Thursday, November 22, 2018

The Cultural and Economic Impacts of “Grad Schooling While Poor”


22 November: I submitted this for inclusion in an edited collection about grad school. It was accepted, then as things sometimes do, when I emailed the editors to check in was told that the reviewers "went another way" and they'd no longer be including it.
I've sat on in, because I've been busy, and had the book to work on, so it fell to the back burner.
Rather than try and find someplace to place it, because it's rather specific, I've decided to put it here.

About me: I am a 41-year-old graduate student, in the final revisions of my dissertation. I have a Masters in English literature, a Masters in Secondary Education: English, and a B.F.A in technical theatre. I started working at 13-14, after school, weekends, and summers, but I helped Mom out at her various jobs well before that. I was raised by a single mom, who while cultured, was always lower working class, with a high school education, and some, random college classes, usually working two jobs to make ends meet. I paid for undergrad with student loans, grants, and work study. After graduating with my undergraduate degree, I first worked in theatre in North Carolina, Georgia, and New York then as a high school teacher. When I taught high school in Brooklyn I commuted twice a week, three hours round trip to Staten Island from Brooklyn, for three years to earn my first Masters, paid for by New York City Teaching Fellows.  I completed my second Masters during summers off while teaching high school, this time at a rural North Carolina high school.
I am not exactly sure when I became aware of the fact that my social class and background was not the same as my classmates. It was not when I received my Master of Science in Education from the City University of New York: College of Staten Island. The program was part of New York City Teaching Fellows/AmeriCorps, and most us were united in our current situation as New York City schoolteachers more than anything else, although we came from a variety of backgrounds. While our Masters were paid for, we were all working full time, and commuting evenings to complete our coursework. Our current workload, focus, and school placement united us. I think I was most jarred by the social disparity when I started to work on my MA. I had inklings my first summer, that my educational background and pedigree was not just less than, but lacking. My program catered to teachers, renting space on various campuses in Alaska, New Mexico, Asheville, Oxford, and the home campus of Vermont. It was a semester of graduate school in six weeks. I spent three summers in Santa Fe, and then because we were required, one summer at the home campus. The population was mostly middle and high school teachers, but these were not the teachers I knew from my time teaching in Brooklyn, or from teaching in rural North Carolina. Almost all of them had their tuition, books, and expenses paid for by their schools, which were mostly private. They attended schools like Phillips Exeter Academy and Deerfield Academy and now worked there. They seemed insulted when I asked where they were from, and then did not understand the impact or importance when they answered with the above academies (I had to look both academies up later). They had gone to Ivy League schools, or Ivy League adjacent. They drove BMWs and Jettas. Their vacations involved skiing, travel, passports. I went to a state school. I did not get a car until I was 21 and it was a bronze Buick Skylark. I had never really been on vacation. I qualified for work study my first couple of summers, working in the computer lab, lessening what I had to take out in student loans but that only worked my first two summers. After that the IRS changed how work study functioned so instead of getting a flat check of say $5000, I got what was more like a paycheck with taxes taken out, which was a lot less help and increased the amount of student loans I had to take out. In fact, I took the summer of 2009 off because I did not receive aid, and was not willing to take out the whole summer’s tuition in loans.
Those summers were also where I first remember encountering intellectual snobbery. The professors were amazing, but this was the big league. They taught at and/or had attended Yale, Princeton, and Harvard. The students were mostly private school teachers from the Northeast, and there was a cultural knowledge they had that I lacked. This knowledge ran the gamut--- from wealthy backgrounds that included ski trips and European vacations, to having no debt because parents paid for everything, and never worrying about money, to innately knowing how to navigate graduate school because of the backgrounds of their parents. These people knew Derrida, Lacan, Freud, and Foucault, like they were old friends, strange names I did not recognize, and somehow knew I was stupider for not knowing.
It was not just that they knew things I did not, it was that there was an implied judgement in the fact that I did not know. There was also a divide in how they and I worked. The recommendation, since the program was only a six-week graduate course, was always to do all the reading before you got there. We generally took two or three classes a summer, and each course had roughly ten books. So, I always read them before I got there, because I did not know how to grad school and they did, so I did what I was told. This meant that my reading was done before I got there, I had notes about potential paper topics, I made notes for possible class discussion, things I wanted to say. I arrived ready to work. But this did not endear me to classmates. I later got the feeling that it did not endear me to faculty either. It was a communal program, we lived together, socialized together, ate together, took classes together. When I read X-Men comics outside where people could see me, there was a judgment. Snotty comments. Sneers. Not just for the popular culture “trash” I was wasting time on, but for the lack of busyness. I was supposed to be overwhelmed, over-worked, and looking busy. I was supposed to be reading higher level works. Not sitting in the sun reading “fluff.”
I was not just different; I was less than. This judgement was not just against me but my lack of education, the gaps in my knowledge, what I did not know led to serious issues. Because we had moved a lot I often missed key lessons, in math, but also grammar, and writing. I write like I talk but I always read a lot, so that was also reflected in my writing. There are gaps though from foundational lessons that I never got. I took AP English in high school, so I tested out of college English. My first Masters was in education, so the papers were different. I was unprepared for the length, and scope, of what my M.A program expected. I liked the program--- one person called it summer camp for book nerds, the idea that I had six weeks just to read and write, but I did not have the skills many of my peers had, I lacked the preparation. One professor told me I probably did not belong because my writing was so atrocious. They told me to buy a writing guide (which I did, shamefaced and then I did not understand it and felt even stupider for not even being able to understand the how-to book that was supposed to make me better). When professors have written passim, or comma splice, on my papers I have had to look up what those things are before I could address them. I never asked them, because I had learned early on not to display my ignorance. In part, the disconnect I felt reflects current debates in academia. Many programs historically privilege scholarship over teaching, so many professors while experts in their field do not necessarily know how to teach their students. This can have huge impacts on struggling, poor, first generation students who may need help preparing and may not be aware of resources, expectations, or how to navigate. As a result, I was often made to feel stupid, less than, and the implication was that I simply was not trying hard enough.
I only ever had one professor (unsurprisingly a Rhet/Comp guy, and a different program/institution) who never made me feel bad about my background, perhaps because he came from a similar one. I shared, embarrassedly, my thought that I wanted to get a PhD but was afraid I would not measure up, and told him what other professors had said about my work, that I had good ideas and was a hard worker but the quality of my work just did not (read: would not ever) measure up. He said that many writers benefitted from a good editor and that there was nothing wrong with that. These experiences have influenced how I in turn deal with student work. While I may point out that they might want to use a writing tutor, or revise one more time, I tend to evaluate their ideas, their argument, not evaluate grammar or word choice unless it affects comprehension. I also can tell the difference between grammar errors and typos, and give feedback accordingly (I on the other hand have been called sloppy and a poor scholar when a professor has caught what is clearly a typo). I try not to comment on their work in a way that makes them feel stupid, or less than, because I know what It is like to have a professor’s comment of “I am dumbfounded you’d write this” make me feel like an idiot, an imposter, a fraud, like I do not belong in grad school.  This is not to say that they turn in poor work or do not work hard. Rather, my experiences allow me to better teach, serve, and understand them.
Back then, and even now to be honest, I had no sphere of reference for people whose school was paid for, who never wanted for anything, who always had a safety net. The closest reference I had was the couple of months I spent at Wooster School in Connecticut. Mom had received some money that she used for my education, so I spent little less than a semester at the Wooster School. I did not understand it---students LIKED classes. There were sports I had never heard of, like rugby and field hockey. There were half days on Wednesday for community service. Students worked in the kitchen, and helped dust the school. Kids took Latin. It was as though I had gotten a small sliver of a look at what education could look like, what people’s lives could be, but it was a confusing glimpse as we moved back to North Carolina at the end of the year and I never again experienced that type of education. This is not to say I grew up uncultured. When we lived with my grandmother, the most affluent years of our upbringing, she took us to museums in New York City, the Met, Rockefeller Center. She taught us to play piano, and eat on Wedgewood China, and use the right fork. These were like Depression era holdovers. They were artifacts, remnants from her previous, better, life, as the wife of an Army chaplain, but they were shadows. We had to wealth to back any of it up. We lived with my grandmother because Mom could not make it on her own, it was charity. Mom worked full time and we did not see her often. My sister got most of the cultural lessons, as I was more inclined to play in the dirt than wear crinoline skirts.  I spent most of my time exploring the 15 acres of land and the neighbor’s 200 that surrounded us, climbing trees and reading books.
For me, my experiences during my M.A encapsulate the two main issues I have encountered trying to navigate graduate school life as someone who identifies most easily as poor trash---the cultural and economic divides. To me, the lack of cultural capital hurt as much as the lack of actual capital. Just as I have had to work hard to hide or overcome my poverty, both past and present, in grad school, I have had to do the same for all the things I do not know, trying to hide or make up for my lack of knowledge. I grew up, with the exception of a couple of years of prosperity provided by a crazy grandmother, poor. My mother was a single mother, raising two kids on her own, not always successfully. She was smart, but easily bored, and often changed jobs. She was a secretary, a retail store manager, a restaurant hostess. She often juggled more than one job. Her job situation meant many things for us. It meant we moved, often, sometimes to different states, but just as often around town as she was unable to make rent and we had to find a new place. Being a latchkey kid meant I had to take the bus home from school (often an hour ride) which mean after school tutoring, clubs, and sports were not an option. This impacted scholarships and applications for undergraduate. It meant Mom had no idea how college worked, so I applied to a couple, but went to state school because it is what I could afford and it was close to home. I still remember reporting to campus, and both of us being confused about how it all worked. Instability was the watchword of my childhood. Mom did her best, but most things were uncertain growing up. I remember one Christmas, I guess times were tough, because Mom led us outside to the garage to get out presents. When I asked why Santa delivered to the garage instead of leaving our presents under the tree like he normally did, there was no good answer. I found out later it was a charity group that worked to make sure kids got Christmas, and that was the easiest way for them to deliver. We lived in trailers when I was 4 and 5, government housing in D.C freshman year of high school, my mom, my sister, and I with my godmother and her daughter in a 2-bedroom apartment. Throughout middle school we moved often, bouncing from off-season tourist housing October to March, then having to find something else. We often lived with others, on couches and sharing rooms, when we had nothing else. When I was little, super little, we lived in a commune house, so I do not know what I ever thought the way we lived was odd, I think it was middle school before I realized other people had real homes, permanent homes, where they lived, their parents had lived. I was on free and reduced lunch through most of school and I remember some mean lunch ladies during those years, but I suppose because of how Mom raised us, I did not notice the economic and cultural differences until they were pointed out to me, and even then, I do not think they impacted me until deep into grad school. I wanted the toys, the Cabbage Patch dolls, the computers, I saw other people have, but other than passing jealousies, I do not remember thinking of it much. If there was one connecting thread it was that culturally and economically I never fit anywhere. I was poor, and I had no background, no family roots, no extended family, no history. I was defined by my lack, there was nothing to ground me or connect me to anything.
Cultural Divides
When I was finishing my M.A. I had to take a course in literary theory. I am pretty sure I sat in class during a discussion on Lacan and said “I do not buy it.” A lot. My marginal notes are full of incredulity and question marks. In part I think I lacked the language, the background to grasp the abstractness of it all. In fact, I believe part of the reason in my PhD work I gravitated towards psychoanalysis, feminism, and Marxism is because I easily understood, grasped, and could apply these more concrete approaches. Later, as I sat in classes for my PhD, it was not just the abstract nature of literary theory that confused me, it was how students in seminars seemed to use it, or not use it. I would sit in classes and listen to students, mostly men, go on, and on, about Derrida, Foucault, Hegel, and I would look around class, at other people’s faces, nodding yes. To me, the entire talk was indecipherable. Incomprehensible. Literally. I did not understand anything they were saying. I was confused by this ten, or twenty-minute rant that, to me at least, seemed pretentious. And unnecessary. It seemed like the point could have been said more concisely, more clearly, and certainly using less words. Yet as I sat in more classes, I learned this was not the exception but the norm and I seemed to be the only one sitting in class who had this reaction. Everyone else just nodded and agreed. This was just one of the many clues that I lacked the cultural capital to navigate my program. Not only did I not get the references, but to me, it seemed like an “Emperor’s New Clothes” sketch- while others nodded, and clapped, I wanted to yell, “BUT HE DID NOT SAY ANYTHING!”
In my PhD program in your first semester you take an intro to the field class. It is meant to introduce you to graduate work, literary theory, and professionalization. The class differs wildly depending on who teaches it, and the professor changes every year. I liked the professor who taught me but I hated the books we read for the most part. One in particular sticks out, Zadie Smith’s 2005 On Beauty which encapsulated a lot of what I did not get about grad school. In the novel, a privileged, professor, Howard Belsey, at a made-up, small, liberal arts college in Wellington, Massachusetts is an art scholar, who is a despicable human being, but no one seems to mind that. He does not really teach, or produce scholarship. He is petty, and awful, and elitist. I did not understand anything about the book. I read it. But I did not get it. I did not get why I should care about this man, this class, this world. There was nothing in it I recognized. I certainly did not see myself, as a student, or scholar, in it. So, I was not sure what I was supposed to get out of it. Was this supposed to be a role model for me? Was I supposed to aspire to this? My classmates all seemed to read it as an inside joke, or loved it, gushed about it in class. But I did not get it. I did not understand the text; I did not understand the lesson. My professor seemed amused the day we opened discussion on it and I am pretty sure I remember speaking first and saying I did not get it, I hated it, and threw it across the room a couple of times. Here was a book that seemed to encapsulate every inside joke, every cultural reference I had never understood in grad school. The lesson of On Beauty for me the first year of my PhD program was that there was a very narrow definition of what a scholar looked like, and I did not even come close to fitting it.
Another cultural divide I faced in my PhD program centered around my teaching. I was a high school teacher, first in Brooklyn (my first week of teaching I watched the Twin Towers fall from our English lounge), then in rural North Carolina. For me, teaching is core to my personality. I am very transparent to my students about my upbringing and use it to inform my teaching. The last couple of years I have taught Shakespeare online for my university and our population for online classes is very different than our face to face students. Most work full time, they may be hours from campus, many have children, or aging parents they care for. They carry 18-21 credits. Online classes provide them flexibility, but also, many have a lot of things other than school that they are juggling. It is a demographic I understand, so I think I serve it better than some. So, I suggest $5 Dover editions, and point them to online resources. I explain what they can prioritize if strapped for time and what they cannot. I try to adapt my course policies, and expectations to understand, to believe, to side with them, and to help them. I try to teach them the way I wish I had been taught, and that idea, that concept, has become part a guiding practice for me.
Yet one thing I have been told repeatedly though in my program (and heard from other scholars and grad students) is “teaching is not why you are here.” Teaching is characterized as something Rhet/Comp people do. It is a waste of time for literary scholars. It gets in the way of “real” scholarship. I have been advised to spend as little time as possible on it, and not invest in it. This is not a unique position. Many programs de-emphasize teaching and It is not just described as unimportant but many scholars see it as just a thing their job requires that gets in the way of their “real” work. I have lost respect for scholars on Twitter when they have made fun of their students, make fun of teaching, how stupid their students are, and their misunderstandings, their failures, their shortcomings. I have received comments from professors who are scholars but clearly are not teachers who tell me my work is sloppy, or crap, but they cannot teach me how to fix it. Like the scholars in On Beauty, these are not the type of scholars I want to be. I love being a teacher. I love teaching. I love the idea that I am uniquely qualified, both as a high school teacher, and someone who grew up poor, to serve my students best. When I apply for higher ed jobs I will do so with this in mind. I am looking for places where they value teaching, where the students are diverse, first generation, where I can make the most difference. These thoughts though, these beliefs, are not something grad programs generally support. Where I have found this support though is online, through social media.
Twitter and content specific groups on Facebook been a great resource for me in navigating grad school and in figuring out what kind of scholar I do want to be. On social media, I have found a supportive group always willing to answer questions about navigating grad school and the maze of an academic profession. In addition, the scholars I have found, specifically on Twitter, are role models for the type of scholar I want to be. They are engaged. They care deeply about issues of accessibility, race, class, and how these issues affect our students. They focus on producing scholarship and model how we can share our scholarship with all sorts of people and connect our scholarship to the world around us. They are for the most part kind, understanding, and supportive. I have found them to be invaluable not just for validating the type of scholar I want to be, but for filling the gaps of support I have. A side effect of being the first in your family to go to college, then grad school, then get your PhD is that no one will understand what you are doing. In many ways, the working poor work ethic is in direct opposition to academia. You have to write articles to get a job, but you do not get paid? You just sit there and think? Understanding the ideas of reading for work, invisible labor, working all the time but producing little, will come hard to your family. My stepfather listens to me, but does not understand what I do. My godmother empathizes with my job hunt, but does not get how it works. They want to help, but they are no better equipped to navigate academia than I am. So, my Twitter network has become invaluable for answering my questions, providing role models, and showing me how it can be done.
Economic and Practical Issues
            One of the reasons my Twitter support network has been so important to me is because many of them come from similar backgrounds or understand how the economics of my situation impact me because of their teaching experiences. I wish I had known about this support network when applying to graduate schools. Those students I did not understand in my Master’s program had cultural capital about more than just English literature. They knew how graduate school worked. They understood that you should choose schools by reputation, by the scholars you would work with. The ways that these choices will impact your studies and the success of your job hunt. They were invited, courted, to attend programs and could afford to go visit to try the schools on to see if they fit. I applied to four schools. Because that was how many applications I could afford. I chose them because they had either medieval programs I had heard of (University of Washington, Duke) or an intersection of popular culture and Milton (Middle Tennessee State University) or a medieval program in a state I knew I liked to live in with a professor I knew from MA program who I thought would be a mentor for me (the University of New Mexico). I was rejected from the first two, accepted to the third but without funding, and waitlisted from the last. Ultimately I was moved off the waitlist and offered funding at the University of New Mexico so that is where I went. For me it was not a decision based on the scholars in the department (although there are good people here) or the reputation of the university (the name is not going to get me job). I came here because it meant a TA ship, which meant that while I would have to take out student loans, they would only have to supplement my life, not cover all of it.
This practicality is familiar to many students, but not to faculty. In fact, not only will many of your professors not understand these situations, they will not want to hear about them. They will not be able to grasp how not having any money will affect how you finish coursework, or what texts you can and cannot purchase. There was a recent conversation on Twitter about how most department’s approach reimbursement for funding assumes the student has the money to pay up front. This is not an isolated instance. Most department and university policies seem to assume you have parental, or spousal support to cover what your TAship does not. Working to supplement your TAship will be looked down on.[2] There will be judgement. You should choose your scholarship. You should privilege your academic life over your actual life. If you do not, faculty, peers, mentors, will not understand. They may not understand the practicalities of student debt. They may not understand having to live just off your TAship (mine was just $14,400 a year). They may not understand that you cannot afford $200 in books for each class. I remember speaking with a faculty member about wanting to finish as soon as possible because I could not afford to take on another year of student loan debt. They literally did not understand. As I neared finishing and started to apply for high school teaching jobs to pay the bills as a safety net against the higher ed job market, my classmates and faculty seemed by confused by my decision. I know others who have worked full time, or picked up second jobs while dissertating to lessen debt, or pay rent, or live a slightly better life than we did growing up. I did it because I do not have a husband or rich mom and dad who can cover my bills while I try and perhaps fail at getting a college job. I have no safety net other than what I devise. This decision though has widened the gap between me and my university, my program. I am disconnected from that community. I cannot attend talks, take advantage of on-campus events during the day. Scheduling office visits are now more complicated.
Despite all of this, I do believe that people who have grown up poor, who are first generation, or other marginalized groups who lack resources, pedigree, or background, can do well in graduate school. I have never been the smartest person in any of my classes or seminars. I do not have an academic pedigree. I did not come from a social network that would open doors for me. I only have what I have worked for, what I have built. I have worked all the time, because that is the only way I know. I work seven days a week, because I do not know how to do anything else. I work until there is no more work to do. I am not glamorizing working all the time. Scholars like Dr Raul Pacheco-Vega have written about the “glorification of academic busyness” and I agree with the issues he and others have brought up with it. It is often presented as a way for scholars to lord their accomplishments over others, it represents the privilege so many scholars and professors have that they CAN work all the time, not worrying about paying bills or money. It also creates a false narrative that ignores the invisible forces of anxiety, depression, exhaustion, lack of a support network, and the impact these things have on what we produce, how we produce, and when we can produce it. Throughout my PhD program I have suffered from anxiety, depression, and have had issues with suicide. These are not issues addressed openly or enough in grad school. In part this goes back to culture. Neither the privileged culture or grad school nor the culture of poor, or working poor, are good about acknowledging these issues. They are also not good about providing support for them, and these are all areas where grad programs can improve. For good or ill though, I worked through these issues. I am not saying I have done it in the best way, or the healthiest way, or the easiest way. I have cried on the floor of my home office. I have slammed my fists into walls. I have made rash decisions. But I have always, eventually, picked myself up and continued to work. I do not ignore those of us who have not been able to. I do not discount those of us whose anxiety, or depression, or suicidal thoughts and actions, prove to be too much. These are issues I can only acknowledge, while also acknowledging they are beyond what I talk through here. I, perhaps cowardly, leave that work to others. I can only speak for myself. And for me, a lifetime of working my ass off, with little reward, with no help, with no choice, a lifetime of these work habits has given me the tools to keep going. My mother juggling two jobs, raising two kids on her own, through awful situations, a culture that looked down on her, is a role model I cling to, even though she died before I started my PhD. A lifetime of internalizing I was not smart enough, good enough, to do what others did, this lower-class chip on my shoulder, this desire to prove people wrong? These have all served me well. I often think of, and share with others, the movie quote that encapsulates my PhD experience. In the movie Gattaca, Ethan Hawke’s character, who was born defective, less than, when explaining to his genetically blessed brother HOW he gamed the system, HOW he got so far simply says this; “You wanna know how I did it? This is how I did it, Anton. I never saved anything for the swim back.”
For me, not acknowledging my limitations, not accepting the pigeon holes other people wanted to put me in, not giving up, has served me well. I have taken advantage of social media platforms like Twitter and Blogger to brand myself, share my work, network with scholars I would never know otherwise. This has enabled me to make connections, get invitations to conferences, write book chapters, get published. I have blogged about my dissertation process, my ideas about teaching, how to bridge high school and college divides, and social activism. These are all tools that can help even the playing field. Two of my chapters in edited collections are because other people had to drop out and the editor needed quick turnarounds and posted these needs on social media. Like most of the working poor, working class people I know, we are used to working all the time, and juggling more than one job, so I have found it is easier for us to juggle the many hats of grad school. We can be students, and teachers, and scholars. We can budget our time. We can meet deadlines. We can handle the workload. These lifetime habits serve us well and can become advantages. They are advantages as students, because while I may not be the smartest person in the room, I have a well-visited blog, senior scholars in my field know me and my work, and I have (as of May 2017) three articles published in good journals and three chapters in edited collections, not including a wide range of editorials, short essays, and reviews that demonstrate and showcase my interests in folklore, popular culture, and Marxist and feminist studies. My work output does not just show the range of my interest but shows that I can produce. As a future faculty member, I am a good bet. I consistently produce. Also, as more and more higher education institutions move away from just hiring scholars, as they realize they need TEACHER-scholars, I think my experiences, and my approaches will be a selling point.
But lifetime habits can also hurt us. A lifetime of poor eating habits, poor workout habits, no support for anxiety or depression, not being able to talk about these things, or know how to ask for help can prove to be a great disadvantage. These things will impact how we live, learn, and teach and we may not have to tools to navigate. Grad school can amplify the effects of poverty, depression, trauma, so I think It is important to try and relearn how to eat right, work out, take a break. As I said, in many ways academic life is in direct opposition to a working poor life, so I have found it hard to relearn and learn these things. But I also believe that they are vital to doing well. Especially if you do not have a face to face support network, you have to learn how to be your own.
There are a lot of issues associated with grad schooling with poor that I have not addressed here. LGBTQ+ students, people of color, people with disabilities, international students, single parents, these are all stories that need to be told. There need to be more resources, more help, more mentors for underserved or unserved populations. Faculty and mentors need to not just be informed about how the class, backgrounds, and struggles of their students affect them but they also need to actively work to improve conditions, bridge the gap. Books like this, websites like my wiki “How to Prep for Grad School While Poor” (https://howtoprepforgradschoolwhilepoor.wikispaces.com/ which has since moved to https://howtogradschoolwhilepoor.blogspot.com/), podcasts like Graduates Anonymous (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/graduates-anonymous/id1224791435), and You Tube Channels like Academic Vigilante (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUDR0egPaLM), as well as current sociological work on poverty, trauma, and ACEs (Adverse Childhood Events), all seek to inform a general populace and provide a sense of community to students. But we need to do more. Many of these cultural and economic divides are institutional and therefore changes to it have to be made by people in power, senior scholars, not poor graduate students. I continue to be encouraged by the number of graduate students who are not waiting for tenure track jobs, stability, and institutional power before they speak out, and actively work to improve things. There are a lot of us who blog about our class, our poverty, and how it informs our social activism and teaching. We tweet stories to expose and inform people about the parts of the academy senior scholars do not know about and we carry this knowledge, and these commitments to helping others into our scholarship and teaching. If and when those of us who are current graduate students can get into the academy, the ivory tower, I have high hopes that we can work for real, widespread, institutional change. Until then, I hope that students will read resources like this and realize that it can be done and they are not alone. I hope too that faculty members will read this and realize the situations their students are in and work with them to help them overcome the cultural and economic issues they face and help them succeed.




[2] Please be sure to check your TA contract before seeking outside employment. Your contract may forbid, or limit, seeking work outside of your TAship. It may have income caps. Some universities may have a sort-of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy as long as it does not interfere with your university responsibilities. However, you need to know this before you accept an offer. If you’re planning on supplementing your income, and find out you cannot, it will have a big impact.

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